Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure, 3rd ed. by R. Rajagopalan
Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure, 3rd ed. is a comprehensive textbook that covers the key concepts and issues of environmental studies. The book is written by R. Rajagopalan, a renowned environmentalist and professor of environmental engineering at IIT Madras. The book aims to provide a balanced and holistic perspective on the environmental challenges and solutions facing humanity in the 21st century.
The book is divided into four parts: Part I introduces the basic concepts and principles of environmental studies, such as ecology, biodiversity, natural resources, pollution, and sustainable development. Part II discusses the major environmental problems and their causes, effects, and remedies, such as climate change, ozone depletion, acid rain, deforestation, desertification, water scarcity, soil erosion, solid waste management, and environmental ethics. Part III explores the various approaches and strategies for environmental conservation and restoration, such as environmental laws and policies, environmental impact assessment, environmental education and awareness, green technologies, renewable energy sources, and eco-friendly lifestyles. Part IV presents some case studies and examples of successful environmental initiatives and movements from around the world.
Environmental Studies From Crisis To Cure PDF.epubl
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The book is written in a simple and lucid style, with ample illustrations, diagrams, tables, charts, maps, and photographs to enhance the understanding of the topics. The book also includes review questions, exercises, projects, field visits, and references for further reading at the end of each chapter. The book is suitable for undergraduate students of various disciplines who are studying environmental studies as a compulsory or elective subject. The book is also useful for teachers, researchers, professionals, activists, and general readers who are interested in learning more about the environment and its issues.
Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure, 3rd ed. is available in PDF.epub format from various online sources[^1^] [^2^] [^3^] [^4^]. The PDF.epub format is a digital file format that can be read on various devices such as computers, tablets, smartphones, e-readers, etc. The PDF.epub format allows for easy access, portability, readability, and interactivity of the content.
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere that affect the quality of air and cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Air pollution can be caused by natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions, dust storms, wildfires, and pollen, or by anthropogenic sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, agricultural activities, and household activities. Air pollution can have local, regional, and global impacts, depending on the type and amount of pollutants, the meteorological conditions, and the distance from the source.
Some of the common air pollutants are particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals. These pollutants can cause various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, asthma, allergies, eye irritation, and premature death. Air pollution can also damage crops, forests, wildlife, buildings, monuments, and cultural heritage. Air pollution can also contribute to climate change by altering the radiative balance of the atmosphere.
Some of the measures to reduce air pollution are improving fuel efficiency and emission standards for vehicles and industries, switching to cleaner and renewable energy sources, promoting public transportation and non-motorized modes of travel, implementing air quality monitoring and management systems, enforcing environmental regulations and standards, raising public awareness and participation, and enhancing international cooperation and coordination.
Water Pollution
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater, and aquifers, by harmful substances that affect the quality of water and cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Water pollution can be caused by natural sources, such as soil erosion, sedimentation, leaching of minerals and organic matter, or by anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, municipal sewage, urban stormwater runoff, mining activities, oil spills, and marine litter. Water pollution can have local, regional,
and global impacts depending on the type and amount of pollutants,
the hydrological conditions,
and the distance from the source.
Some of the common water pollutants are pathogens,
nutrients,
heavy metals,
organic chemicals,
radioactive substances,
thermal pollution,
and microplastics.
These pollutants can cause various waterborne diseases,
eutrophication,
bioaccumulation,
biomagnification,
endocrine disruption,
genetic mutation,
and ecological imbalance.
Water pollution can also affect the availability
and accessibility
of freshwater resources
for domestic,
agricultural,
industrial,
and recreational purposes.
Water pollution can also contribute to climate change
by altering the carbon cycle
and the albedo
of water bodies.
Some of the measures to reduce water pollution are improving wastewater treatment
and reuse systems,
implementing best management practices
for agriculture
and industry,
promoting water conservation
and efficiency,
implementing water quality monitoring
and management systems,
enforcing environmental regulations
and standards,
raising public awareness
and participation,
and enhancing international cooperation
and coordination. 29c81ba772